The Tainan Confucius Temple (台南孔廟, on Nanmen Road in Tainan City, Taiwan, R.O.C.) was built in 1666 when Cheng Ching(鄭經), son of Koxinga(鄭成功) approved of the proposal by Chief of General Staff Chen Yung-hua(陳永華) to construct on the present site. It was the first Confucius Temple in the history of Taiwan, and thus called the First Academy of Taiwan.

In 1684, when Taiwan was annexed to the territory of the Qing Dynasty, the first Taiwan Regional Chief Administrator Chou Chang(周昌) launched their efforts to have the temple renovated and the Dacheng Hall reconstructed into Taiwan Prefecture Academy. Since then, the compound has been renovated and expanded several times.

After 1895, when Japan began its rule of Taiwan, Tainan Confucius Temple was once again used as a public school and military barracks and was considerably damaged. A major renovation in 1917, under which some parts of the construction were torn down, resulted in the scale and structure of Tainan Confucius Temple as it is today.